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What I'm missing here is any mention of the notion of vision. Without a vision of a system, it is much harder to communicate with stakeholders or to assess the quality (in the broadest sense) of the delivered system. Vision can come from an understanding of the problem (although I am wary of the idea that there is a single 'problem' when we are talking about complex systems) and/or the needs of stakeholders. However, vision can also stem from the insight of designer's who understand how new technology can be used in innovative ways (eg computational photography)

The realisation of an ambition vision will inevitably be imperfect but it acts as a stimulation for improvement and further innovation.

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I agree ... I increasingly view the core of design as the complex task of working through the necessary tension between the vision of how a problem can be addressed and understanding that problem with all its richness and complexity. I also agree that the term 'problem' is, well, problematic. The alternatives (domain, frame, goals) are all however too abstract or contested, so 'problem' will have to do.

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